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目的通过对某学校一起风疹暴发疫情的流行病学调查,分析病例暴发的原因和规律,采取相应控制措施,总结疫情控制的有效经验。方法对暴发调查的疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果该疫情该中心学校共发生风疹14例,分布在8年级3班,男生10人,女生4人,男女性别比为2.5∶1,患病年龄都在14~16岁之间,全校罹患率为1.90%,班级罹患率为24.14%,疫情持续时间为3 d,通过采取一系列控制措施后疫情迅速有效控制。均无风疹类疫苗接种史;有12人发热,全身出现皮疹,伴有咳嗽、卡他症状。2人发热无出疹,伴有咳嗽、卡他等症状。结论此次暴发属学校聚集性发病,由于正值呼吸道传染病高发季节,没有明确的风疹疫苗接种史,人群普遍易感,发生首例风疹病例后,迅速造成疫情扩散蔓延。落实好入托、入学预防接种证的查验工作,及时做好有关疫苗的查漏补种工作尤为重要。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological situation of outbreaks of rubella in a school and to analyze the causes and laws of outbreaks of the cases and take corresponding control measures to summarize the effective experience of epidemic control. Methods Epidemiological analysis of the epidemic outbreak investigation information. Results There were 14 cases of rubella in the center of the outbreak. There were 10 classes in grade 8, including 10 boys and 4 girls. The gender ratio was 2.5: 1, and the prevalence was between 14 and 16 years old. The school-based attack rate Was 1.90%, the rate of class attack was 24.14% and the duration of the outbreak was 3 days. The epidemic was effectively and quickly controlled through a series of control measures. No rubella vaccination history; 12 people were fever, systemic rash, accompanied by cough, catarrhal symptoms. 2 people fever no rash, accompanied by cough, catarrhal and other symptoms. Conclusions The outbreak was a school-based incident. Due to the season of high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases, there was no clear history of rubella vaccination and the general population was susceptible. After the first case of rubella, the spread of the epidemic was rapidly caused. Implementation of good care, admission vaccination certificate inspection work, timely and relevant vaccine leak detection replanting work is particularly important.