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A:端粒是染色体末端的特殊结构,由许多重复序列和相关蛋白组成,它具有维持染色体结构完整性和稳定性的作用。细胞每进行一次有丝分裂,就有一段端粒序列丢失。而端粒酶能够合成端粒,维持其序列稳定性。1990年,科学家首次将端粒与人类细胞衰老联系在一起,发现成纤维细胞中端粒缩短到一定程度,细胞会停止分裂,变成衰老状态。2010年,科学家以端粒酶缺陷的转基因小鼠为研究对象,通过重新激活端粒酶,成功逆转了衰老过程。这一研究
A: Telomeres are special structures at the end of chromosomes and consist of many repetitive sequences and related proteins. They have the function of maintaining the structural integrity and stability of chromosomes. Each cell mitosis, there is a loss of telomere sequence. Telomerase can synthesize telomeres and maintain its sequence stability. In 1990, for the first time, scientists linked telomere to senescence in human cells and found that telomeres in fibroblasts were shortened to some extent and the cells stopped dividing and becoming senescent. In 2010, scientists studied telomerase-deficient transgenic mice, reversing the aging process by reactivating telomerase. This research