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红细胞源于骨髓多能造血干细胞,在全血中容积百分比约为50%,是血液中最主要的细胞成分[1]。过去一直认为,红细胞结构简单,功能单一,仅是运输O2和调节pH值功能。1981年美国的Siegel在前人研究的基础上提出了“红细胞免疫系统”(RedCellImmune System,RCIS)的新概念[2],此后20多年来国内外学者进行的大量研究显示,红细胞不仅有以上功能,还具有识别、粘附、杀伤抗原,清除免疫复合物,参与机体免疫调控的作用,而且自身存在完整的自我调控系统,是机体免疫系统的重要组成部分[3]。
Erythrocytes are pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells derived from the bone marrow. The volume percentage of whole blood is about 50%, which is the most important cellular component in the blood [1]. In the past has always believed that the structure of erythrocytes is simple, single function, just transport O2 and adjust the pH function. In 1981, Siegel in the United States put forward the new concept of “Red Cell Immune System” (RCIS) based on previous studies [2]. After more than 20 years, a large number of studies conducted by domestic and foreign scholars have shown that the red blood cells not only have the above functions , But also has the function of recognizing, adhering and destroying antigens, clearing immune complexes and participating in the immune regulation of the body. Moreover, it has a complete self-regulation system and is an important part of the body’s immune system [3].