小剂量的化学物质,进入机体后,能与组织成分发生生化或生物物理学的变化,引起机体暂时或持久地生理功能紊乱和器质性损害,这样的化学物质叫毒物。从业人员在生产劳动中发生的化学物质中毒,称职业中毒。一般情况下,毒物是固体(态)、液体或气体。在生产过程中的原料、中间产物、产品或生产废物还会以粉尘、灰尘、烟雾、蒸气等形式,污染环境,引起中毒。毒物一般经皮肤、粘膜、呼吸道、胃肠道吸收。职业中毒毒物多从呼吸道和皮肤吸收,生活中毒毒物以胃肠吸收多见。毒物吸收后首先进入血液(此时血液内浓度最高),然后被运送到全身,随毒物不断进入各器官、组织,血液内毒物的浓度逐渐降低,组织内毒物的浓度逐渐增大。经过一定时间,毒物在血液、组织、淋巴液内的浓度达刳动态平衡状态。然后毒物又不 Small doses of chemicals, into the body, and tissue components occur biochemical or biophysical changes, causing the body’s temporary or permanent physiological disorders and organic damage, such chemicals called poison. Practitioners in the production of labor poisoning of chemicals, said occupational poisoning. In general, poisons are solid, liquid or gas. In the production process of raw materials, intermediates, products or production waste will be dust, dust, smoke, steam and other forms, polluting the environment, causing poisoning. Poison generally by the skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal absorption. Occupational poisoning and more absorbed from the respiratory tract and skin, life poisoning to gastrointestinal absorption of toxic more common. After the poison is absorbed into the blood first (at this time the highest concentration in the blood), and then be transported to the body, with the poison into the organs, tissues, blood poisoning gradually reduce the concentration of toxic substances within the tissue gradually increased. After a certain period of time, the concentration of poisons in the blood, tissues and lymphatic fluid reaches the homeostasis state. Then poison is not