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目的了解北京市房山区流感相关住院病例的流行病学及临床特征,为房山区流感相关住院病例的防治提供依据。方法对2015年4月-2016年4月在北京市房山区良乡医院流感相关住院病例的病人进行监测,采集相关病例咽拭子,并进行流感病毒实验室检测,同时收集采样标本的临床特征、既往病史、疫苗接种情况等相关信息。结果共纳入病例1 093例,流感病毒检出率为7.59%,BV型占所有阳性病例的61.45%,流感主要在2016年第2~12周高发。流感病毒检测阳性病例中咳嗽(92.77%vs.76.14%)、咳痰(53.01%vs.42.48%)、支气管炎(28.75%vs.13.17%)、慢阻肺(9.64%vs.1.39%)、高热惊厥发生率(5.00%vs.1.19%)明显高于阴性组(P<0.05),咽痛(15%vs.25.74%)、急性扁桃体炎(1.25%vs.14.06%)低于阴性对照组。纳入研究的流感相关住院病例的中位数6 d。住院时间与年龄分组密切相关,10~<20岁年龄组(OR=0.066,0.029~0.150,P=0.000),20~<30岁年龄组(OR=0.314,0.111~0.814,P=0.033),30~<40岁年龄组(OR=0.266,0.077~0.917,P=0.035)对住院流感病例的住院时间具有保护作用。结论房山区流感相关住院病例检出率最高的是流感B型,流感病毒可能加重呼吸道感染,10~<40岁年龄组对流感住院病例的严重性有保护作用。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of influenza-related inpatient cases in Fangshan District, Beijing, and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of influenza-related inpatient cases in Fangshan District. Methods From April 2015 to April 2016, patients with influenza-related inpatient cases in Liangxiang Hospital, Fangshan District, Beijing were monitored. Throat swabs were collected and tested in the laboratory of influenza viruses. Meanwhile, the clinical features of the samples were collected , Past medical history, vaccination status and other related information. Results A total of 1 093 cases were included. The detection rate of influenza virus was 7.59%. BV accounted for 61.45% of all positive cases. Influenza mainly occurred in 2 ~ 12 weeks in 2016. (92.77% vs.76.14%), sputum (53.01% vs.42.48%), bronchitis (28.75% vs.13.17%), COPD (9.64% vs.1.39%), The incidence of febrile seizures (5.00% vs.1.19%) was significantly higher than that of the negative group (P <0.05), sore throat (15% vs.25.74%) and acute tonsillitis (1.25% vs.14.06% . Median flu-related hospitalizations included in the study 6 d. The length of hospital stay was closely related to the age group, with a range of 10 ~ <20 years old (OR = 0.066,0.029 ~ 0.150, P = 0.000) and 20 ~ <30 years old (OR = 0.314,0.111-0.814, P = 0.033) Patients in the 30 ~ <40 age group (OR = 0.266,0.077-0.917, P = 0.035) had a protective effect on the length of stay in hospitalized cases of influenza. Conclusion The highest prevalence of influenza-related inpatient cases in Fangshan District is influenza type B, and the influenza virus may aggravate respiratory tract infection. The 10 to 40-year-old age group has a protective effect on the severity of influenza inpatient cases.