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《初中物理练习》第一册(江苏教育出版社出版)中有这样一道选择题:在水平面上,放着三个完全相同的容器,分别盛有质量相同的水、酒精和硫酸,则三个容器的底部受到液体的:(A)压力和压强都不同;(B)压力和压强都相同;(C)压力相同,压强不同;(D)压力不同,压强相同。该书给出的标准答案是(B),我们认为这个答案是值得商讨的。原题意图是考查学生对压强公式p=ρgh和压力公式F=pS的理解,以及解决有关液体产生压力和压强等实际问题的能力。但是,本题中的ρ和h都是变量,在没有结出容器的具体形状时,是无法直接判断压力或压强的大小,下面对此作一些讨论。没有图1或图2所示的容器,底面积为S_0,装有质
There is a multiple-choice question in the first volume of the Junior Physics Exercise (published by Jiangsu Education Press): On the horizontal surface, there are three identical containers containing water, alcohol, and sulfuric acid of the same quality. The bottom of the container is subject to liquid: (A) pressure and pressure are different; (B) pressure and pressure are the same; (C) the same pressure, different pressure; (D) different pressure, the same pressure. The standard answer given in this book is (B), and we think this answer is worth discussing. The intention of the original question is to examine the students’ understanding of the pressure formula p=ρgh and the pressure formula F=pS, as well as the ability to solve practical problems such as liquid pressure and pressure generation. However, both ρ and h in this question are variables, and it is impossible to directly determine the pressure or the pressure when there is no specific shape of the container. This is discussed in some detail below. Without the container shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2, the bottom area is S_0