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目的:比较龙胆科龙胆属秦艽组的6种药用植物(秦艽Gentiana macrophylla Pall.、粗茎秦艽G.crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.、麻花秦艽G.straminea Maxim.、小秦艽G.dahurica Fisch.、黄管秦艽G.officinalis H.Smith和管花秦艽G.siphonantha Maxim.ex Kusnez.)的药用形态及显微鉴别特征,为中药秦艽真伪鉴别提供依据。方法:采用徒手切片法对主根的上、中、下3个部位分别做横切片,进行显微观察;根粉末经水合氯醛加热透化后显微观察。结果:粗茎秦艽根上、中、下部都没有中柱裂分。秦艽、小秦艽、黄管秦艽的根只有上部有中柱裂分;麻花秦艽和管花秦艽的根上、中、下都是完全分离的小根纠聚在一起。粉末鉴别中,小秦艽、麻花秦艽和管花秦艽都有大量的厚壁细胞,但形状不同。其他3个种没有发现厚壁细胞。结论:秦艽组6种药用植物根的形态组织显微结构有较大差异,可为中药秦艽的鉴别提供依据。
OBJECTIVE: To compare 6 medicinal plants of genus Gentiana macrophylla Pall., Gentiana macrophylla Pall., G.crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk., G. straminea Maxim, Gentiana macrophylla Pall., G.dahurica Fisch. , The morphological and microscopic identification features of G.officinalis H. Smith and G. siphonantha Maxim.ex Kusnez. Methods: The sections of the upper, middle and lower parts of the main root were transversely sectioned by using the freehand section method and observed microscopically. The root powder was heated and permeabilized with chloral hydrate and observed microscopically. Results: There was no column fission in the upper, middle and lower parts of the stem of Gentiana macrophylla. Gentiana scabra, Gentiana scabra, Gentiana scabra rhizome has only the upper part of the central column splitting; Gentiana straminea and Gentiana straminea root, middle and lower are completely separated from the root together. In the powder identification, small Qionglai, Gentiana macrophylla and Qionglai gentiana have a large number of thick-walled cells but different shapes. The other three species did not find thick-walled cells. CONCLUSION: The morphological and tissue microstructure of six medicinal plants in Gentiana macrophylla are quite different, which may provide evidence for the identification of Gentiana macrophylla.