我努力使人们看见那些仅因其一目了然而不为所见的东西。——福柯一、问题的提出“普通法注重程序”是流行于法学界的一种常识性观念。然而,如果我们追问,为什么普通法注重程序?有人可能会不假思索地信手拈来好几条理由,如,程序可以限制公共权力的滥用从而更好地保障权利,程序正义要比实体正义更加具有可操作性,程序可以限制法官的自由裁量权,等等。我们认真思考一下就会发现,这些理由都不足以解释普通法为 I try to make people see things that are not seen because of their glances. - Foucault First, the question put forward “common law emphasis on procedure ” is a popular concept in the legal world. However, if we ask why common law is procedure-oriented, one might reasonably come to a hitch for several reasons, such as procedural restrictions on the abuse of public power for better protection of rights, procedural justice more substantive than substantive justice, Procedures can limit the judge’s discretion, and so on. We think hard and find that none of these reasons explain the common law