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肺栓塞是指在循环血液中出现的不溶于血的异常物质,随着血流运行至肺动脉及其分支,导致血管腔阻塞所引起的病理现象。以脱落的血栓栓子引起的栓塞最常见,癌细胞团、脂肪滴、气体和羊水等亦可引起栓塞,但较为少见。近年来,随着恶性肿瘤发病率逐年增加,肿瘤瘤栓性肺栓塞逐渐引起临床医师的重视。尽管与肺血栓栓塞相比,瘤栓性肺栓塞在临床较为少见,但由于其缺乏特异性临床表现,并且患者生前确诊率低,常常在死亡后进行尸检时发现肺动脉血管内的瘤细胞栓子才能确诊,因此常常导致右心衰竭甚至死亡等不良临床后果。此外,近年来临床观察发现,肿瘤瘤栓性肺栓塞可以作为恶性实体肿瘤的首发临床表现。因此,对肿瘤瘤栓性肺栓塞做出早期、明确的诊断,对恶性肿瘤患者具有重要临床意义。
Pulmonary embolism refers to the presence of insoluble blood-insoluble anomalies that appear in the circulating bloodstream and cause pathological phenomena that clog the blood vessel as the blood flows to the pulmonary artery and its branches. Embolism caused by shedding thrombi and embolism is the most common, and cancer cell lumps, fat droplets, gas and amniotic fluid also cause embolism, but are relatively rare. In recent years, with the increasing incidence of malignant tumors, tumor embolism pulmonary embolism gradually attracted the attention of clinicians. Although trophoblastic pulmonary embolism is less common in clinical settings than pulmonary thromboembolism, it is often found in pulmonary arterial emboli in post-mortem examinations because of its lack of specific clinical manifestations and low rates of confirmed prenatal diagnosis Can be diagnosed, it often leads to adverse clinical outcomes such as right heart failure or even death. In addition, clinical observation in recent years found that tumor embolism pulmonary embolism can be used as the first clinical manifestations of malignant solid tumors. Therefore, early and definite diagnosis of tumor thromboembolism has important clinical significance for patients with malignant tumors.