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目的:了解浙江省平湖市和广东省佛山市南海区的外来已婚育龄女工的妇幼保健知识和生殖健康水平,评价项目区现有生殖健康相关政策和服务的提供、利用和需求情况。方法:在两项目区选取外来女工集中的5家工厂,对其中的1132名女工进行问卷调查;并对女工、工厂管理者、政府领导者进行定性调查。结果:两地女工的妇幼保健知识知晓率分别为37.2%(平湖)和48.0%(南海);工厂为女工缴纳生育保险的情况,以及产检次数是两地女工知识的薄弱点。多因素分析结果显示,妇幼保健知识水平较高的女工有如下特征:婚龄较短、有孩子、家庭收入高、夫妻文化水平较高等。生殖健康服务方面,1年内女工妇女病普查参加率分别为67.9%(平湖)和56.7%(南海);出现生殖道感染可疑症状时,女工选择去医院就诊的比例分别为50.8%(平湖)和66.7%(南海)。结论:两项目区外来女工的生殖健康知识普遍缺乏,相关服务的提供和利用情况存在差别。在平湖,生育保险的作用受到限制,而在南海,工厂内妇女病普查服务欠缺。下一步应采取切实的措施提高两地的生殖健康服务水平。
Objective: To understand the maternal and child health knowledge and reproductive health of migrant women workers of the same age in Pinghu City, Zhejiang Province and Nanhai District of Foshan City, Guangdong Province, and to evaluate the availability, utilization and demand of the existing reproductive health related policies and services in the project area. Methods: In the two project areas, 5 factories of migrant women were selected, and 1132 women workers were surveyed. Qualitative survey was conducted on female workers, factory managers and government leaders. Results: The awareness rate of maternity and child health care among women workers in both places was 37.2% (Pinghu) and 48.0% (Nanhai) respectively. Factories paid the maternity insurance for women workers and the number of check-ups was the weak point of women workers’ knowledge in both places. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the female workers who had a high level of MCH knowledge had the following characteristics: shorter marriage age, children, higher family income and higher husbands and wives’ cultural level. In the area of reproductive health services, the percentage of women workers who chose to visit the hospitals during the one-year survey was 67.9% (Pinghu) and 56.7% (South China Sea), respectively. In the case of suspicious symptoms of reproductive tract infections, the percentage of female workers choosing to go to hospitals was 50.8% (Pinghu) and 66.7 %(South China Sea). Conclusion: The reproductive health knowledge of migrant women workers in the two project areas is generally lacking. There are differences in the availability and utilization of related services. In Pinghu, the role of maternity insurance is limited, while in the South China Sea, there is a lack of census services for women in factories. The next step should be to take practical measures to raise the level of reproductive health services in both places.