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Objective: To evaluate the short-term effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with pingyangmycin (PYM) in the treatment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: 24 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with PYM before the operation, and the surgeries were undergone within one week after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PCNA, p53, Bcl-2and CD44v6 were detected in the specimens of tumor, retreated tumor and normal tissue using immunohistochemical methods.Results: Apoptosis could be detected more often in specimens with tumor and retreated tumor after chemotherapy than that before. The expression of PCNA, p53, Bcl-2 and CD44v6 in tumor tissue after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with PYM was weaker than that before the chemotherapy. There was significant difference in the positive ratio of PCNA, p53, Bcl-2 and CD44v6 between retreated tumor and tumor. Conclusion: After neoadjuvant chemotherapy with PYM, a large number of tumor ceils died.The amplification and metastasis of tumor were suppressed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy with PYM.