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九年制义务教育三年制初级中学《生物》教材P_(74)有两幅插图。其中有一幅是“家鸽的消化系统示意图”,图中在家鸽的消化管末端开口处标出的是肛门,我觉得此处不妥。笔者认为:肛门是动物体消化管末端的开口,主要功能是排除食物的残渣。而鸟类的消化管末端开口,除了排除食物残渣外,生殖细胞、尿液也从这个开口排出体外。因此,鸟类的消化管末端开口是消化管、输尿管和生殖管的末端共同开口处。这个共同开口处的总腔是泄殖腔,这个共同开口应该是泄殖腔孔而不是肛门。在教学中,我们将此图修改如下,仅供参考。
The nine-year compulsory education three-year primary school biology textbook P_(74) has two illustrations. One of them is the “Schematic Diagram of the Digestive System of Domestic Pigeons”. In the figure, the anus is marked on the opening of the digestive canal at home pigeons. I think this is not appropriate here. The author believes that: the anus is the opening of the animal’s digestive tract at the end, the main function is to exclude food residues. The bird’s digestive canal opening, in addition to the exclusion of food residues, germ cells, urine are also excreted from the opening. As a result, the bird’s digestive canal opening is the common opening at the ends of the digestive, ureteral, and reproductive tubes. The total cavity at this common opening is the cloaca, this common opening should be the cloaca, not the anus. In teaching, we have modified the figure below for reference only.