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[目的]了解深圳市某金属制品企业的职业病危害现状,为深圳市金属制品行业职业卫生管理提供科学依据。[方法]采用职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测、职业健康检查和检查表分析法等方法进行分析评价。[结果]该企业的职业病危害因素包括化学毒物、粉尘、噪声、紫外辐射、手传振动和激光辐射。化学毒物、紫外辐射、手传振动和激光辐射的检测结果均符合国家标准。焊接岗位电焊烟尘检测合格率为76.9%。部分冲压、清洗、焊接和打磨岗位的噪声声级超标,噪声检测合格率为48.9%。职业病防护设施方面,打磨岗位和部分激光/机械手焊接岗位局部排风系统设计未达到要求。应急救援设施和措施方面,化学品仓库未设置事故排风、报警或检测装置,无冲淋洗眼设施,未配备急救人员,未定期组织职业病危害事故应急救援演练。总体布局、生产工艺及设备布局、辅助用室和职业卫生管理方面基本符合职业卫生有关规定。在岗期间职业健康检查率仅为5.9%,冲压岗位6人高频听力下降。[结论]金属制品企业存在的主要职业病危害因素是电焊烟尘和噪声,企业应加强相应的防护设施,提供有效的个人防护用品,开展职业健康监护,提升企业的职业病防治能力和水平。
[Objective] To understand the status of occupational diseases in a metal products enterprise in Shenzhen and provide scientific basis for occupational health management in metal products industry in Shenzhen. [Methods] The methods of occupational health survey, occupational health examination, occupational health examination and checklist analysis were used for analysis and evaluation. [Results] The occupational hazards of the enterprise include chemical poisons, dust, noise, ultraviolet radiation, hand vibration and laser radiation. Chemical toxicants, ultraviolet radiation, hand vibration and laser radiation test results are in line with national standards. Welding position welding fume test pass rate of 76.9%. Part of the stamping, cleaning, welding and grinding positions exceeded the noise level, the noise detection rate of 48.9%. Occupational disease protection facilities, polished posts and some laser / robot welding local exhaust ventilation system design does not meet the requirements. Emergency rescue facilities and measures, the chemical warehouse has not set the accident exhaust, alarm or detection device, no shower eye wash facilities, not equipped with emergency personnel, not regularly organized emergency rescue exercise for occupational hazards. The overall layout, production technology and equipment layout, auxiliary rooms and occupational health management basically comply with the relevant provisions of occupational health. Occupational health check-in rate during the job was only 5.9%, stamping position 6 high-frequency hearing loss. [Conclusion] The main risk factors of occupational diseases in metal products enterprises are welding fumes and noise. Enterprises should strengthen the corresponding protective facilities, provide effective personal protective equipment, carry out occupational health guardianship and enhance the ability and level of prevention and control of occupational diseases in enterprises.