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目的评价福州长乐国际机场生活饮用水中的有毒物质对人群健康的风险大小,为饮用水健康风险控制提供科学依据。方法 2012—2015年,在对福州长乐国际机场生活饮用水管网末梢水每年3次常规38项和1次全项目监测的基础上,根据美国环保局研究评估的基因毒物质的致癌强度系数和躯体毒物质的参考剂量,通过应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型,对生活饮用水中有毒物质进行风险评估,并与美国环保局、国际辐射防护委员会等国际机构推荐的最大可接受风险水平进行比较,从而定量地描述饮用水污染对公众健康危害的危险度。结果 2012—2015年长乐国际机场生活饮用水中有毒物质的个人健康年风险分别为5.29×10~(-5)a~(-1)、5.34×10~(-5)a~(-1)、5.40×10~(-5)a~(-1)、5.04×10~(-5)a~(-1),优于美国环保局推荐的最大可接受风险水平1.0×10~(-4)a~(-1),和国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受风险水平5.0×10~(-5)a~(-1)相当,但仍达不到瑞典环保署、荷兰住宅空间计划及环境部以及英国皇家学会推荐的最大可接受风险水平1.0×10~(-6)a~(-1),其中基因毒物质的健康风险水平较高,大小顺次为铬>镉>砷。结论福州长乐国际机场生活饮用水中有毒物质的健康风险水平在最大可接受水平范围内,但仍存在一定风险,其中基因毒物质是主要健康风险因素,铬、镉应作为重点防治对象。
Objective To evaluate the risk to human health of toxic substances in drinking water of Changzhou International Airport and provide scientific basis for the control of health risk of drinking water. Methods From 2012 to 2015, on the basis of three regular 38 and one full-term monitoring of the peripheral drinking water network of Fuzhou Changle International Airport, according to the carcinogenic strength coefficient of genotoxic substances evaluated by the US Environmental Protection Agency Reference dose of somatic toxics, risk assessment of toxic substances in drinking water by applying the health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency, and with the maximum acceptable risk level recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the International Commission on Radiological Protection and other international agencies For a quantitative description of the risk of drinking water pollution to public health hazards. Results The annual health risks of toxic substances in drinking water of Changle International Airport from 2012 to 2015 were 5.29 × 10 -5 a -1 and 5.34 × 10 -5 a -1, , 5.40 × 10 ~ (-5) a ~ (-1), 5.04 × 10 ~ (-5) a ~ (-1), which is better than the maximum acceptable risk level of 1.0 × 10 ~ (-4) ) a ~ (-1) is equivalent to the maximum acceptable risk level of 5.0 × 10 ~ (-5) a ~ (-1) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, but it still lags behind the Swedish EPD, the Dutch residential space plan and The Ministry of Environment and the Royal Society recommended the maximum acceptable level of risk of 1.0 × 10 -6 (-6) a -1, of which genotoxic substances have a higher level of health risk, with the order of chromium> cadmium> arsenic. Conclusions The health risk level of toxic substances in drinking water of Changzhou International Airport in Fuzhou is within the maximum acceptable level, but there are still some risks. Genotoxic substances are the main health risk factors, and chromium and cadmium should be the key prevention and control targets.