人物语言是塑造人物形象的重要手段。而称谓作为人物语言的构成部分,它的前后变化不仅能凸现人物独具的个性,而且易于表现人物纤细入微的心理状态。司马迁是塑造人物的妙笔圣手,非常注重称谓的准确性。其《鸿门宴》一文即是典型之例。《鸿门宴》之中,塑造得最成功的除刘、项二人,双方的谋臣也颇光彩照人,毕形毕肖。张良与范增同为谋士,都精通韬略,多谋善断,临变不惊,处事有方,但两人性格殊异,性情有别。前者温文尔雅,谦和明礼,后者妄自尊大,刚愎自用。撇开他们用智用谋,为人处事不说,单看他们与人说话时用的称谓,也体现得够细致传神的。 Character language is an important means of shaping the character’s image. As the constituent part of the character language, the title change can not only highlight the unique character of the character, but also be easy to express the delicate state of the character. Sima Qian is a master of shaping the characters and pays great attention to the accuracy of the title. His article “The Banquet” is a typical example. Among the Banquets, Liu and Xiang, both of whom were the most successful in shaping the style, were also brilliance and bishops. Zhang Liang and Fan Zengtong are both advisors. They are proficient in strategies, are prudent in strategies, and do not panic and do things in a wise manner. However, they have different personalities and different temperaments. The former was polite and courteous, and the latter was arrogant and self-employed. Instead of using wisdom and tricks to do things for people, they only talk about the titles they use when talking to people, and they also show enough detail to express themselves.