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[目的]了解云南省临沧市临翔区油菜主产区种植土壤养分现状,提出充分发挥土壤生产潜力的配方施肥建议,从而促进当地油菜增产、增收。[方法]通过土样采集、室内检测,结合油菜的需肥量调查,进行配方施肥计算。[结果]发现临翔区油菜种植主产区土壤有机质及氮磷钾等养分含量普遍处于中等或以上水平,但一半多的土壤呈酸性和强酸性,土壤p H值在5.5以下,土壤缺硼现象较为严重,平均值接近60%的土壤样本水溶态硼含量小于0.5 mg/kg。[结论]提出以下配方施肥建议:在每公顷3 750 kg的目标产量下,肥料N、P2O5、K2O的总补施量分别为300、195、195 kg/hm2。在施用农家肥15 000 kg/hm2的情况下,化肥N、P2O5、K2O应分别补施240、150、75 kg/hm2。氮肥品种选择对土壤酸化作用最弱的是尿素(含N 46%),施用量为525 kg/hm2左右,用碱性钙镁磷肥(含P2O520%)替代普钙,施用量750 kg/hm2,硫酸钾(含K2O 50%)150 kg/hm2,土壤基施硼砂7.5 kg/hm2,在抽薹期喷施液体硼肥7.5 g/hm2。
[Objective] The research aimed to understand the status of soil nutrient status of planting rapeseed in Linxiang District, Lincang, Yunnan Province, and to put forward the formulation and fertilization suggestion to give full play to the potential of soil production so as to promote the increase of yield and income of local rapeseed. [Method] The formula fertilization calculation was made through soil sample collection, indoor testing and combined need survey of rapeseed. [Result] It was found that the soil organic matter, NPK and other nutrients in the main producing areas of Linxiang were generally medium or above, but more than half of the soil was acidic and strongly acidic. The soil p H value was below 5.5 and the soil boron deficiency The phenomenon is more serious. The content of boron in water of soil samples with the average value close to 60% is less than 0.5 mg / kg. [Conclusion] The following formula fertilization suggestion was put forward: The total amount of fertilizer N, P2O5 and K2O was 300, 195 and 195 kg / hm2, respectively, at the target output of 3 750 kg per hectare. Fertilizers N, P2O5 and K2O should be replenished 240,150 and 75 kg / hm2, respectively, with the application of 15,000 kg / hm2 of manure. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer selection on soil acidification was urea (N 46%) and the application rate was about 525 kg / hm2. The calcium calcium magnesium phosphate (including P2O520%) was used instead of calcium supplementation and the application rate was 750 kg / hm2. 150 kg / hm2 potassium sulfate (containing 50% K2O) and 7.5 kg / hm2 borax on the soil, and 7.5 g / hm2 boron fertilizer at the bolting stage.