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目的分析电镀企业的主要职业病危害因素的检测情况,为预防和控制电镀企业职业病危害,保护劳动者健康提供科学依据。方法调查深圳辖区内五金、塑胶件电镀企业15家,电子元器件、线路板电镀企业15家,对职业病危害因素进行采样检测。结果 30家电镀企业的硫酸、盐酸、氰化物、二氧化氮、氢氧化钠监测点合格率分别是95.6%、97.5%、90.0%、100%、96.7%,三氯乙烯、氯化锌、可溶性镍、铬酸盐、粉尘监测点合格率分别是63.9%、100%、100%、100%、100%,噪声和综合热指数(WBGT)监测点合格率分别是82.5%和85.0%。结论电子元器件和线路板电镀企业的自动化密闭化生产程度比较高,各类职业病危害因素的监测点合格率高于五金、塑胶件电镀企业。电镀企业采取自动密闭化作业能有效降低电镀作业场所空气中职业病危害因素浓度,有利于保护劳动者身体健康。
Objective To analyze the detection of major occupational hazards in electroplating enterprises and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational hazards in electroplating enterprises and the protection of workers’ health. Methods Investigate 15 hardware and plastic parts electroplating enterprises in Shenzhen area, 15 electronic components and circuit board electroplating enterprises, and sample and test the occupational hazards. Results The pass rates of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, cyanide, nitrogen dioxide and sodium hydroxide in 30 electroplating enterprises were 95.6%, 97.5%, 90.0%, 100% and 96.7%, respectively. The percentages of trichlorethylene, zinc chloride, The passing rates of nickel, chromate and dust monitoring points were 63.9%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The passing rates of noise and comprehensive heat index (WBGT) monitoring points were 82.5% and 85.0% respectively. Conclusion Electronic components and circuit board electroplating enterprises have a relatively high degree of automation of closed-cell production. The passing rate of monitoring points for various occupational hazards is higher than that of hardware and plastic parts electroplating enterprises. Electroplating companies to take the initiative to close the operation can effectively reduce the concentration of occupational hazards in the air at the electroplating site will help protect the health of workers.