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酒虽然被视为饮料类,未列为药物管理,但酒是大众使用最多、范围最广,滥用程度最高的一种药物。酒有显而易见的主要有效成分,有一定的安全用量和不良反应。乙醇(C2H5OH)是酒精饮料的主要化学成分,一般白酒含乙醇约为50％,黄酒、啤酒的乙醇含量较低,但饮用量大。酒精饮料除含乙醇外,还含有甲醇、杂醇及醛类、少量杂质,这些成分对人体有明显危害,劣质酒杂质含量明显增多,其中甲醇对人体有严重毒害,甚者可致失明。乙醛具有一定肝脏毒性,可使肝细胞膜脂质过氧化,破坏肝细胞微管结构,降低微管功能,使肝间质纤维增生。
Although regarded as a beverage category and not listed as a drug substance, alcohol is the drug most commonly used, broadest in scope and highest in abuse. Wine has obvious main active ingredients, there is a certain amount of safety and adverse reactions. Ethanol (C2H5OH) is the main chemical component of alcoholic beverages. Generally, white spirit contains about 50% ethanol, while yellow rice wine and beer have lower alcohol content but larger amount of alcohol. In addition to alcohol, alcoholic beverages also contain methanol, fusel alcohol and aldehydes, a small amount of impurities, these ingredients have obvious harm to human body, the content of inferior wine impurities significantly increased, of which methanol on the human body has been severely poisoned, it may cause blindness. Acetaldehyde has certain liver toxicity, can make the liver cell membrane lipid peroxidation, destruction of the microtubule structure of liver cells, reduce microtubule function, so that hepatic interstitial fibrosis.