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目的了解海水浴场革兰阴性菌的种类及其耐药性。方法于2015年9月,采集海口假日海滩浴场、三亚大东海浴场(研究浴场)及海口西海岸无名海滩(对照海滩)的水样和沙样,分离培养革兰阴性菌,并进行菌株鉴定和耐药性实验。结果浴场耐药的发酵菌主要为肺炎克雷伯菌和阴沟肠杆菌及解脲克雷伯菌;非发酵菌主要为醋酸钙不动杆菌、施氏假单胞菌、产碱假单胞菌。研究浴场耐药肠杆菌和非发酵菌的构成比分别为40.3%(29/72)和59.7%(43/72),对照海滩两种菌的构成比分别为68.8%(11/16)及31.2%(5/16),其构成差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.280,P=0.039)。发酵菌耐药频率最高的抗生素为氨苄西林、头孢唑林、头孢西丁、氨苄西林/舒巴坦;非发酵菌耐药频率最高的抗生素为替卡西林/克拉维酸、氯霉素、头孢曲松、哌拉西林。水中耐药菌的构成比为45.0%(36/80),低于沙中耐药菌的构成比[67.5%(52/77)],差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.087,P=0.004)。结论海水浴场耐药革兰阴性菌检出较为普遍,污染严重的海滩发酵菌检出率较高,应关注海水及沙滩耐药菌的污染及潜在的人群风险。
Objective To understand the types and drug resistance of gram-negative bacteria in the beach. Methods In September 2015, water samples and sand samples from Haikou Holiday Beach Bathing Beach, Sanya Dadonghai Bathing Beach (Research Bathing Beach) and the anonymous beach on the west coast of Haikou (Control Beach) were collected. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and cultured, and strain identification and drug resistance Sexual experiment. Results The bacterium resistant to bacteria was mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella spp., While the non-fermentative bacteria were Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas alcaligenes . The composition ratios of the resistant bacteria to non-fermentive bacteria in the bath were 40.3% (29/72) and 59.7% (43/72), respectively, while those of the control beach were 68.8% (11/16) and 31.2 % (5/16), the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 4.280, P = 0.039). The antibiotics with the highest frequency of drug resistance were ampicillin, cefazolin, cefoxitin and ampicillin / sulbactam. The antibiotics with the highest frequency of non-fermentative drug resistance were ticarcillin / clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, Qu Song, piperacillin. The composition ratio of resistant bacteria in water was 45.0% (36/80), which was lower than that of sand-resistant bacteria [67.5% (52/77)], the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 8.087, P = 0.004). Conclusions The detection of drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in the beach is relatively common. The detection rate of the most contaminated beaches is high, and the pollution of seawater and beach-resistant bacteria and the potential crowd risk should be concerned.