19世纪中叶以前,在西方音乐史中占有支配地位的是意大利的歌剧和德国的器乐。到了19世纪中叶,随着东欧和北欧各国的民族、民主运动的兴起与发展,东、北欧各国音乐家的民族意识增强,出现了一批具有民族觉醒意识的音乐家。这些音乐家与资产阶级民族主义文化运动有着密切的联系。在政治上他们是激进的,积极参加本国的资产阶级革命,具有强烈的民族意识;在艺术上,他们主张创造出具有鲜明民族特性的新音乐,采用本国优秀的民间音乐素材表现具有爱 Before the middle of the 19th century, the domination of Western music history was the Italian opera and German instrumental music. By the middle of the 19th century, with the rise and development of the national and democratic movements in Eastern Europe and Northern Europe, the national awareness of musicians in East and North European countries was enhanced and a group of musicians with a national awareness of awakening emerged. These musicians are closely linked with the bourgeois nationalist cultural movement. In politics, they are radical and actively participate in the bourgeois revolution in their own countries and have a strong sense of national identity. In the arts, they advocate the creation of new music with distinctive national characteristics and the use of excellent folk music material in the country to show that they have love