制冷压缩机是决定冰箱、冷柜等家电噪声水平的关键部件。本文首先分析往复式制冷压缩机噪声的类型以及传递途径,指出壳体是压缩机自身噪声向外辐射的最终载体;接着对某一压缩机的壳体进行了模态分析,以了解其固有振动特性;再在压缩机内部的四个支撑机芯的弹簧底部位置和排气管焊接处施加常值幅度的力谱,研究压缩机的受迫振动与声辐射。结果表明:对于此压缩机第1阶弹性变形模态为3kHz左右;四个支撑弹簧和排气管焊接处施加力激励,发现在1kHz以下,壳体的振动小且声辐射效率低,所以声辐射功率也小;随着频率增加,辐射效率提高,特别当超过第1阶变形模态之后辐射效率将大于1,并且此时由于结构模态的不断出现,振动能量和声辐射功率都维持在较大幅度范围内;不同激励点激励起各阶壳体模态振动的有效性不一样,排气管焊接点处比支撑弹簧处能更有效地激励壳体的振动与声辐射。 Refrigeration compressor is to determine the refrigerator, freezer and other appliances noise level key components. In this paper, the type and transmission route of reciprocating refrigerating compressor noise are analyzed firstly, and the shell is the final carrier of the compressor’s own radiation to the external radiation. Then the shell of a compressor is modeled to understand its inherent vibration Then the forced vibration and acoustic radiation of the compressor were studied by applying the force amplitude of the constant amplitude at the bottom of the spring of the four supporting movements inside the compressor and the welding position of the exhaust pipe. The results show that for the first stage of this compressor, the elastic deformation mode is about 3 kHz; the four support springs and the exhaust pipe are applied with force excitation. It is found that under 1 kHz, the vibration of the housing is small and the sound radiation efficiency is low. The radiation power is also small; as the frequency increases, the radiation efficiency increases, especially when the first order deformation mode is exceeded, the radiation efficiency will be greater than 1, and the vibrational energy and sound radiation power are maintained at Which is different from that of the support spring. The vibration and sound radiation of the shell can be more effectively excited at the welding point of the exhaust pipe.