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在新疆巴楚县中等肥力土壤上进行了氮磷钾不同用量及施用方法的田间试验 ,研究高产棉花吸收氮磷钾养分的特点与规律。结果表明 ,欲获得2 2 5 0 kg·hm-2以上皮棉产量水平 ,需施用氮磷钾肥分别为 N3 3 0 .0～ 3 91 .5 kg·hm-2 ,P2 O51 3 8.0～2 0 7.0 kg·hm-2 ,K2 O99.0 kg·hm-2。在皮棉产量2 4 0 0～ 2 6 0 0 kg· hm-2 范围内 ,干物质累积以花铃期～吐絮期为高峰 ,占整个生育期的 5 2 . 2 %～70 .7%,而植株吸收矿质养分以蕾期～花铃期为高峰 ,占全生育期吸收总量的 70 %左右 ;随着产量的增加每 1 0 0 kg皮棉所需氮磷钾等矿质养分的数量有所减少 ;棉花植株体内 N∶ P2 O5∶ K2 O为 1∶0 .3 5～ 0 .3 8∶ 0 .81～ 0 .92 ,随着产量水平的提高 ,植株体内磷钾比例有所提高。在相同施氮水平下 ,追施氮肥分花期和铃期两次追施为好 ,比花期一次追施增产 7%～ 1 0 %。
A field experiment was conducted on middle-fertile soils of Bachu County in Xinjiang to study the characteristics and rules of N, P and K uptake by high-yielding cotton. The results showed that to obtain the lint yield above 2250 kg · hm-2, the N, P, K fertilizers need to be N3 30.0 ~ 3191.5 kg · hm-2, P2 O51 3 8.0 ~ 20 7.0 kg · hm-2, K2 O99.0 kg · hm-2. In the range of lint yield of 2400 ~ 2600 kg · hm-2, the dry matter accumulation peaked from flowering stage to boll opening stage, accounting for 52.2% ~ 70.7% of the whole growing period The plant absorbs mineral nutrients at the budding-flowering stage, which accounts for about 70% of the total absorption during the whole growth period. With the increase in production, the amount of mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required per 100 kg of lint is reduced ; Cotton plants in vivo N: P2 O5: K2 O is 1: 0. 35 ~ 0 .3 8: 0 .81 ~ 0.92, with the increase of yield levels, the proportion of plant phosphorus and potassium has increased. Under the same nitrogen level, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer flowering stage and bollworm twice as good, than the topdressing flowering a yield of 7% ~ 10%.