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通过土槽模拟径流试验,在自然降雨条件下不施肥、常规施肥(化肥)测土配方施肥(减肥)、秸秆还田施肥和有机肥与化肥混施(资源再利用)对东北地区黑土玉米地表径流氮磷流失影响进行研究。结果表明,泥沙所携带的养分是养分流失的主要途径;测土配方施肥、秸秆还田和有机肥能有效减少地表径流氮磷流失负荷。在整个玉米生长期间,常规施肥径流氮磷流失负荷为2.0kg/hm2和0.2kg/hm2;测土配方为1.7kg/hm2和0.18kg/hm2;秸秆还田为1.5kg/hm2和0.17kg/hm2;有机肥为1.7kg/hm2和0.23kg/hm2。常规施肥肥料氮、磷流失率为3.02%和0.58%。减肥和资源再利用对黑土玉米地养分流失具有减缓作用。
Through the soil runoff simulation runoff test, no fertilization in the natural rainfall conditions, conventional fertilization (fertilizer) soil testing and fertilizer (weight loss), straw and fertilizer and organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (resource reuse) Runoff nitrogen and phosphorus loss impact study. The results showed that the nutrients carried by sediment were the main ways of nutrient loss. Soil testing and fertilization, straw returning and organic manure could effectively reduce the runoff and runoff loss of surface runoff. During the whole corn growing period, the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in conventional fertilization runoff was 2.0kg / hm2 and 0.2kg / hm2; the soil testing formula was 1.7kg / hm2 and 0.18kg / hm2; the straw returning was 1.5kg / hm2 and 0.17kg / hm2; organic fertilizer is 1.7kg / hm2 and 0.23kg / hm2. Conventional fertilizer fertilizers nitrogen, phosphorus loss rate of 3.02% and 0.58%. Weight loss and resource reuse have a slowing effect on nutrient loss in black soil and maize fields.