借助于胃肠道中氟化物的出现,血和尿的分析以及低水平的血清钙,能很容易地证实急性氟化物中毒。但对于证实氟化物慢性中毒,特别是在典型的骨骼和牙齿改变之前的作用,乃是十分困难的事情,因为尚无明确可用的诊断标准。二十四小时尿氟化物含量的升高,提示了高氟化物的摄入,但决不能证明氟化物的毒度,除非在特别高的时 Acute fluoride poisoning can be easily confirmed with the presence of fluoride in the gastrointestinal tract, analysis of blood and urine, and low levels of serum calcium. However, it is very difficult to confirm the role of chronic fluoride poisoning, especially before the typical skeletal and dental changes, because there is no definitive diagnostic criteria available. Twenty-four-hour increases in urinary fluoride levels are indicative of high fluoride intake, but fluoride toxicity must not be demonstrated unless at very high