本病于1886年由达温(DOWN)氏首先记载,其病因及病机尚不明了,病亡率很高。国内称先天愚型,或叫伸舌样滞呆,软白痴,先天性指端过小症,21—三体综合征。亦有按译音称为达温氏综合征的。主要表现:智力及发育落后、头型短小、眼裂窄、眼距宽、内眦赘皮,少数病人有眼颤,鞍鼻、鼻孔上翘、口半开,呈现特殊面容。舌常伸出口外,流涎多,舌面皱纹多,有阴囊样舌之称。甚者有肌无力、关节松弛、体温低、手指粗大、小指向内弯曲。手掌纹往往只有一条,呈所谓通贯 The disease in 1886 by the temperature (DOWN) first recorded, the etiology and pathogenesis is unknown, the high mortality rate. Domestic known Down’s syndrome, or called dumb, idiot, congenital refers to the tip too small, 21-trisomy syndrome. Also by transliteration as Darwin’s syndrome. The main manifestations: mental retardation and development, short head, narrow fissures, wide eyes, epicanthus, a small number of patients with nystagmus, saddle nose, upturned nose, mouth half open, showing a special face. Often out of the tongue tongue exports, salivation and more tongue surface wrinkles, scrotum like tongue. Some even have muscle weakness, joint relaxation, low body temperature, finger thick, small inward bend. Often only one palm pattern, was the so-called thoroughfare