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大清王朝根本无法提供安全、公正、信用、廉洁等经济发展的必要环境,只有在政府力量所不能及的地方(比如租界),民营工商业才能得到喘息和发展。买办们之所以能积累起巨额财富,一个重要原因就在于他们是中国最早的一批不受国内腐败官僚控制的商人。
The Qing Dynasty could not provide the necessary environment for economic development such as security, impartiality, credit, and honesty. Only in places where government forces could not reach (for example, the concessions), private industry and commerce could be breathed and developed. One important reason why the compradors have accumulated huge amounts of wealth is that they are the first group of Chinese businessmen who are not controlled by corrupt officials in the country.