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目的对陕西省燃煤型氟中毒病区防治效果进行评价,为进一步制定防治策略提供依据。方法按照陕西省地方病防治研究所2012年制定的《陕西省燃煤型氟中毒病区控制和消除考核验收实施方案》的要求,于2012—2015年调查汉中市镇巴县及安康市紫阳、岚皋、平利、汉阴、石泉、镇坪县和汉滨区共8县区的所有病区村居民户改良炉灶现况、炉灶使用情况、供人食用的玉米辣椒正确干燥和储存情况,并调查病区村出生并居住的8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况。省市级在每个调查县随机抽取3个镇,每个镇随机抽取3个村进行复核,并将复核结果与自查结果进行比对。结果 8个病区县防氟炉具使用呈多样化,高氟石煤非主要燃料,改良炉灶合格率偏低,正确使用率及玉米辣椒的正确干燥率达到90%以上,氟斑牙检出率低于30%。燃煤型氟中毒病区村1 456个,其中640个村达到消除标准,占43.96%;419个村达到控制标准,占28.78%;397个村未达到控制标准,占27.27%。达到消除或控制标准的县均为1个,其余6县区未达到控制标准。结论陕西省燃煤型氟中毒病防治工作取得了一定效果,今后应积极引导病区居民使用清洁能源,加强病情监测和健康教育工作。
Objective To evaluate the prevention and control effects of coal-borne fluorosis in Shaanxi Province and provide evidence for further prevention and control measures. Methods According to the requirements of the “Implementation Plan of Control and Elimination of Examination and Acceptance of Coal-fired Fluorosis Area in Shaanxi Province” formulated by Institute of Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control in Shaanxi Province in 2012, the survey was conducted between 2012 and 2015 in Zhenba County, Hanzhong City and Ziyang and Langao , Pingli, Hanyin, Shiquan, Zhenping and Hanbin a total of 8 counties in all ward villages to improve the status of stoves, stoves, corn for human consumption, the correct drying and storage of chili and investigate Fetal village was born and lived in children aged 8 to 12 dental fluorosis prevalence. At the provincial and municipal levels, three towns were randomly selected from each survey county, and three villages were randomly selected from each town for review. The results of the review and self-examination were compared. Results The use of fluoride-resistant stoves in the eight wards was diversified. Non-major fuels of high-fluorine stone coal improved the qualified rate of stoves low, and the correct usage rate and the correct drying rate of corn and pepper reached more than 90% Rate below 30%. There were 1 456 coal-fired fluorosis ward villages, of which 640 villages reached the elimination standard, accounting for 43.96%; 419 villages reached the control standard, accounting for 28.78%; and 397 villages did not reach the control standard, accounting for 27.27%. The number of counties that reached the elimination or control criteria was 1, and the remaining 6 counties did not reach the control standards. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of coal-fired fluorosis in Shaanxi Province has achieved some results. In the future, residents in ward should be actively guided to use clean energy to strengthen the monitoring of their illness and health education.