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经济增长主要取决于供给推动和需求拉动,影响经济增长的供求因素主要有人力资本、物质资本、科技进步、资源环境和消费需求、投资需求、出口需求。当前我国经济增长面临着人力资本投资不足与人力资源浪费并存、研究开发投入缺乏与自主创新能力不足并存、自然资源短缺约束与生态环境恶化并存以及消费需求动力不足与需求结构扭曲并存等供求问题。构建经济增长长效机制要以提升人力资本作为经济增长的基础、把科技创新作为经济增长的中心环节、将资源环境保护作为经济增长的保障、以三大需求协调强化经济增长的动力,使之共同促进经济持续稳定较快增长。
Economic growth mainly depends on supply and demand. Demand and supply factors that affect economic growth are mainly human capital, material capital, scientific and technological progress, resources, environment and consumer demand, investment demand and export demand. At present, China’s economic growth is facing the problem of supply and demand, such as the shortage of investment in human capital and the waste of human resources, the scarcity of investment in research and development, the coexistence of insufficient capacity of independent innovation, the coexistence of natural resource shortage and deterioration of ecological environment, and the coexistence of unsustainable consumption demand and demand structure. To build a long-term economic growth mechanism should enhance human capital as the basis of economic growth, take science and technology innovation as the central link of economic growth, take the protection of resources and environment as the guarantee of economic growth, and coordinate the three demands to strengthen the driving force of economic growth so that Together to promote sustained, stable and rapid economic growth.