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西欧长期以来一直是资本主义世界最大的能源消费者。七十年代末,西欧的能源消费占世界总消费量的18%,而其能源生产仅为世界总产量的2—3%。能源消费最多的是英国、西德、法国和意大利,1978年,这四国消费了西欧66%的液体燃料,73%的天然气,77%的煤和48%水电站和核电站生产的电能。能源生产与消费之间的比例失调,使西欧的能源自给率从1960年的68.3%下降至1978年的46.4%。西欧各国高度依赖国外提供的各种能源,主要是石油和天然气。这不但加重了
Western Europe has long been the largest energy consumer in the capitalist world. In the late seventies, energy consumption in Western Europe accounted for 18% of the world’s total consumption, while its energy production was only 2-3% of the world’s total output. In the United Kingdom, West Germany, France and Italy, energy consumption was highest in 1978, consuming 66% of liquid fuel in West Europe, 73% of natural gas, 77% of coal and 48% of hydropower and nuclear power stations in 1978. The imbalance between energy production and consumption reduced the energy self-sufficiency rate in Western Europe from 68.3% in 1960 to 46.4% in 1978. Western European countries are highly dependent on the various energy sources provided abroad, mainly oil and natural gas. This not only aggravates