在春、夏播 2个环境下鉴定评价了代表中国温带玉米主要杂优群的 5个自交系、3个改良群体与 10个热带亚热带自交系间杂交种的产量、农艺性状和配合力。结果表明 :基因型、一般配合力、特殊配合力、基因型×环境互作的方差达到显著 ;在春、夏播环境下均可选出产量高于对照掖单 13的杂交组合 ,说明温热杂交种具有较高的利用潜力 ;散粉吐丝延迟 ,株高和穗位高增加 ,果穗变细、穗行数减少 ,是利用温热杂交种的突出问题 ;果穗长度、千粒重、行粒数是温热杂交种的优点。代表我国主要杂优群的种质对温热杂交种的选择和热带亚热带种质的改良具有不同的利用价值 :自交系 4 78对于降低温热杂交种的株高、穗位高 ,旅 9对于增加果穗粗、穗行数 ,黄早 4对于散粉、吐丝的提早及雌雄协调 ,Mo17对于增加果穗长、行粒数、出籽率 ,豫 5群体对于提高粒重 ,都具有不同程度的改良效果 The yield, agronomic traits and combining ability of 5 inbred lines, 3 improved groups and 10 tropical and subtropical inbred lines were identified in spring and summer seasons. . The results showed that the variances of genotype, general combining ability, special combining ability and genotype × environment interaction were significant. Hybrid combinations with higher yield than that of Yedan 13 could be selected in both spring and summer seasons. Hybrids have higher utilization potential; delayed discharge of loose powder, increase of plant height and ear height, thinning of ear and reduction of ear number are the prominent problems of using warm hybrids; ear length, grain weight and grain number are The advantages of warm hybrids. Germplasm representing major heterozygous populations in China has different utilization value for selection of hybrids and improvement of tropical and subtropical germplasms: Inbreds 4 78 has the highest plant height and ear height for reducing hybrids, For the increase of ear thickness, ear number, Huangzao 4 for loose powder, silking early and male and female coordination, Mo17 for increasing the ear length, grain number, seed yield, Yu 5 groups to improve grain weight, have varying degrees of Improve the effect