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水资源是一种公共物品,其效益外部性使得水资源保护与开发利用成本应由相关的若干区域共同承担,因此,建立合理的区域生态补偿标准模型及区域内外共同补偿机制是当前生态经济领域的研究前沿。通过构建水足迹与生态补偿标准模型,对江西省及11地市水足迹与水生态补偿标准进行了估算。主要结果如下:2000~2013年,江西省总生产水足迹呈现先下降后增长的趋势,粮食、水产品、猪肉生产所占比重较大,水盈余呈波动下降趋势。11地市生产水足迹与水足迹效率呈上升趋势,除南昌市出现水赤字要支付生态补偿资金外,其余各市均有水盈余,应获得生态补偿资金。2000~2013年江西省水盈余共需补偿1 805.76亿元,平均每年128.98亿元。赣南的赣州市、赣中的吉安市、赣东北的上饶市、赣东的抚州市获得补偿额较高,将优先获得区域内外生态补偿额度。该研究结果可为生态文明先行示范区与区域生态补偿机制建立提供一定的科学依据。
Water resources are a kind of public goods. The externalities of benefits make the cost of water resources conservation and development and utilization should be borne by a number of related regions. Therefore, establishing a reasonable model of regional ecological compensation and the common compensation mechanism both within and outside the region are the current ecological and economic fields Research frontier. By establishing a standard model of water footprint and ecological compensation, the water footprint and water ecological compensation standards in Jiangxi Province and 11 cities were estimated. The main results are as follows: From 2000 to 2013, total production water footprint in Jiangxi Province showed a downward trend first and then increased. Production of grain, aquatic products and pork accounted for a large proportion, while water surplus fluctuated downward. 11 The production water footprint and the water footprint efficiency of the prefectural cities are on an upward trend. Except for the water deficit in Nanchang Municipality that has to pay for the ecological compensation funds, all other cities have water surpluses and should receive ecological compensation funds. From 2000 to 2013, surplus water surplus in Jiangxi Province needed to compensate 180.576 billion yuan, with an average annual amount of 12.898 billion yuan. Ganzhou City in southern Jiangxi Province, Ji’an City in Jiangxi Province, Shangrao City in northeast Jiangxi Province and Fuzhou City in eastern Jiangxi receive relatively high compensation and will give priority to receiving ecological compensation within and outside the region. The results of this study can provide some scientific evidences for the demonstration zone of ecological civilization and the establishment of regional ecological compensation mechanism.