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1949年Patt等发现半胱氨酸在哺乳动物有明显的辐射防护作用以来,在这方面,国内外许多学者筛选研究了各种类型的药物和化合物。其中以含碱性基的巯基化合物及其衍生物通常称氨巯基化合物研究得最广泛。在氨巯基化合物中半胱胺、胱胺、S-(2-氨乙基)异硫脲盐(AET)、氨乙基硫代磷酸(Gyslaphos)和S-2-(3-氨基丙胺基)乙基硫代磷酸(WR2721)等是高效防护剂的代表,特别是WR2721是目前应用于预防放疗反应最有希望的药物。然而这些化合物在有效剂量时都具有一定的毒副作用,而且在照射后给药,表现不出辐射防护作用,这就限制了它们预防急性放射病实际应用的可能性。
Since Patt et al. Found that cysteine has a significant radiation protection effect in mammals in 1949, many scholars at home and abroad have screened and studied various types of drugs and compounds. Among them, mercapto compounds containing basic groups and their derivatives are commonly referred to as amino mercapto compounds and are the most widely studied. Among amino mercapto compounds, cysteamine, cystamine, S- (2-aminoethyl) isothiourea salt (AET), aminoethyl thiophosphate (Gyslaphos) and S-2- (3-aminopropylamino) Ethyl thiophosphate (WR2721) and other representatives of highly effective protective agent, especially WR2721 is currently the most promising drug used to prevent radiation response. However, these compounds have toxic side effects at effective dosages, and show no radioprotective effect after irradiation, limiting their potential to prevent the practical use of acute radiation sickness.