一、“马克思学”反马克思主义的实质在本世纪的五十一六十年代,西方资产阶级报刊开始大谈“马克思的复兴时代”,后来逐渐形成一种所谓“马克思学”的独立学科。到了六十—七十年代,“马克思学”在资本主义国家的理论界已引人注目,在联邦德国、美国、法国和英国,都有目的地培训一些“人材”,对科学共产主义奠基人的生平、活动和遗作进行完全特殊的“研究”,其特点是试图从马克思主义中寻找批判马克思主义的依据。在“马克思学”刚出现时,它主要是通过夸大马克思早期的反映黑格尔思辨哲学或费尔巴哈抽象人文主义思想的著作的作用和地位,来歪曲马克 I. The essence of “Marxism” and anti-Marxism In the 1950s and 1960s, the western bourgeois press began to talk about “the era of Marx’s revival” and later gradually formed an independent discipline called “Marxism.” By the 1960s and 1970s, “Marxism” had attracted the attention of theorists in capitalist countries. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the United States, France and the United Kingdom, some “talented people” were purposely trained and the founders of the scientific communism His life, activities and posthumous works of a completely special “research”, which is characterized by trying to find the basis of Marxism criticism of Marxism. At the dawn of “Marxism”, it mainly distorts the role of Mark by exaggerating the role of Marx’s early writings reflecting Hegel’s philosophical or Feuerbach abstract humanism