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近几年的研究指出,急性病毒性胃肠炎,除少数由肠道病毒(ECHO 病毒和Cox-sackie 病毒)、腺病毒、小DNA 病毒、冠状病毒和星状病毒引起外,主要由轮状病毒(Ro-tavirus)和诺瓦克(Norwalk)因子引起,而以轮状病毒更为重要。本文简述近年来关于轮状病毒的病原学、流行病学、临床研究及实验诊断的进展情况。轮状病毒的病原学研究发现和命名:1972年Middleton 等用电镜在急性非细菌性胃肠炎患儿的粪便和十二指肠液中发现类似病毒的颗粒;用间接荧光抗体法证实血清中存在相应抗体,小肠活检切片中发现荧光;将粪便滤液引入志愿者十二指肠,成功地引起感染。1973年,澳大利亚的Bishop等从急性胃肠炎患儿的十二指肠粘膜上皮细胞中发现病毒颗粒,将其归入环状病毒组(Or-bivirus group)。兹后,英国的Flewett 等
In recent years, studies have pointed out that acute viral gastroenteritis, with the exception of a small number caused by the enterovirus (ECHO virus and Cox-sackie virus), adenovirus, small DNA virus, coronavirus and astrovirus, mainly by the wheel Ro-tavirus and Norwalk factors, and rotavirus is even more important. This article outlines recent years on the rotavirus etiology, epidemiology, clinical research and experimental diagnosis of progress. Etiology of rotavirus discovery and naming: In 1972, Middleton and other electron microscopy found in children with acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis stool and duodenal fluid virus-like particles found; indirect fluorescent antibody method to confirm the presence of serum Corresponding antibodies, fluorescence was found in the biopsies of the small intestine; the fecal filtrate was introduced into the duodenum of the volunteers, successfully causing the infection. In 1973, Bishop et al. In Australia found virions in the duodenal mucosal epithelium of children with acute gastroenteritis and classified them into the Or-bivirus group. Afterwards, British Flewett et al