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普遍存在的不安全行为是导致建筑施工过程伤亡事故频发的最重要原因之一,系统把握施工安全相关行为的特征与规律至关重要。由于问题的复杂性和研究方法的局限性,对不安全行为的系统性分析不够深入。该文引入主体建模方法,根据所提出的施工安全相关行为的建模框架,对工人行为进行建模和仿真。设计实验平台,作为建立仿真模型所依据的真实现场。建立建筑工人安全相关行为仿真模型,并通过实验对模型进行标定和验证。应用仿真模型分析在施工安全管理措施中常用的奖励和处罚措施对工人行为的影响,发现处罚措施对纠正工人的不安全行为更为有力。该研究所提出的建模与仿真方法,可为建筑施工安全相关行为的深入研究提供参考。
Ubiquitous unsafe behavior is one of the most important causes of frequent casualties in the construction process. It is very important to systematically grasp the characteristics and laws of construction safety related behaviors. Due to the complexity of the problem and the limitations of research methods, systematic analysis of unsafe behavior is not deep enough. This paper introduces the main body modeling method, according to the proposed construction safety-related behavior modeling framework, the behavior of workers modeling and simulation. The experimental platform is designed as the real site on which the simulation model is based. The simulation model of safety behavior of construction workers is established, and the model is calibrated and verified through experiments. The simulation model is used to analyze the impact of incentives and penalties commonly used in construction safety management measures on workers ’behavior. It is found that penalties are more effective in correcting workers’ unsafe behaviors. The modeling and simulation methods proposed by this institute can provide reference for the further research on the safety behavior of building construction.