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目的:为下颈椎前路手术预防椎动脉损伤提供解剖学数据。方法:(1)取20具尸体的C3～7段作为解剖标本,作两侧椎动脉孔内缘间距、椎体横、矢径、椎动脉孔内缘和椎弓根内缘间距、椎动脉孔内缘和椎体外缘间距、椎动脉孔内缘和钩突关节内外缘间距、椎动脉孔前后缘与椎体前后缘的垂直距离、椎动脉孔矢径的测量。(2)选30例已确诊为颈椎病患者和50例正常人作为检测对象,用CT测量上述数据。结果:(1)C3～7两侧横突孔内缘间距、椎体横径、椎体矢径、C3～6椎动脉孔矢径逐渐增大。(2)钩突内缘与椎动脉孔内缘间距在6mm之内,C3～6椎体外缘与椎动脉孔内缘间距不超过3mm。(3)C3～6横突孔矢径和椎体矢径比值恒定(30.32%～31.86%),C3～5椎动脉孔前缘与椎体前缘距离逐渐减小,C3～5椎动脉孔后缘与椎体后缘距离逐渐增加。结论:本文的测量数值与不同个体的椎动脉资料相结合,为预防椎动脉损伤提供了解剖学依据。
Objective: To provide anatomical data for the prevention of vertebral artery injury in anterior cervical spine surgery. Methods: (1) C3 ~ 7 segments of 20 corpses were taken as anatomical specimens. The distance between the lateral border of vertebral artery, the transverse and transverse diameters of vertebral artery, the distance between the inner edge of vertebral artery and the inner edge of pedicle, The distance between the inner edge of the hole and the outer edge of the vertebral body, the distance between the inner edge of the vertebral artery and the inner edge of the uncinate process, the vertical distance between the anterior and posterior edge of the vertebral artery and the anterior and posterior edge of the vertebral body, and the mean diameter of the vertebral artery. (2) 30 cases of patients with cervical spondylosis and 50 cases of normal people were selected as the test object, and the above data were measured by CT. Results: (1) The distance between the medial border of transverse foramen, the diameter of vertebral body, the radius of vertebral body and the mean diameter of vertebral artery of C3 ~ 6 gradually increased on both sides of C3-7. (2) The distance between the inner edge of the uncinate process and the inner edge of the vertebral artery is within 6mm, the distance between the outer edge of the C3-6 vertebral body and the inner edge of the vertebral artery is no more than 3mm. (3) The ratio of the diameter of vertebral body to the diameter of vertebral body was constant (30.32% ~ 31.86%) in C3 ~ 6, and the distance between front of vertebral artery and C3 ~ 5 vertebral artery gradually decreased. The diameter of C3 ~ 5 vertebral artery Trailing edge and the edge of the vertebral body gradually increased. Conclusion: The measured data in this paper combined with vertebral artery data from different individuals provide an anatomical basis for the prevention of vertebral artery injury.