目的　进一步探讨小儿病毒性脑炎 (病脑 )的早期诊断方法和综合治疗措施。方法　对 96例病脑患儿进行脑脊液、头颅CT和脑电图检查 ,同时测定脑脊液病毒抗体 ;对呼吸衰竭、难治性惊厥持续状态和脑水肿患儿行气管插管、CPAP给氧及鲁米那钠、氯硝安定、安定和水合氯醛、甘露醇、速尿、白蛋白、地塞米松治疗。结果　 96例中 ,治愈 5 4例 (5 6 2 5 % ) ,好转 31例 (32 2 9% ) ,自动出院 9例 (9 38% ) ,死亡 2例 (2 0 8% )。结论　病脑的脑电图改变较脑脊液及颅脑CT的变化为早 ,具有早期诊断价值 ;大剂量鲁米那钠治疗难治性惊厥持续状态优于安定类药物 ,此法必须在PICU中实施 ,需机械通气呼吸支持、循环支持及心电监护仪的全面监护。中、重度脑水肿应不同剂量短间隔给甘露醇 ,甘露醇撤退时应先减量再减次数 ,总疗程不宜大于 1周 Objective To further explore the early diagnosis of pediatric viral encephalitis (disease brain) and comprehensive treatment measures. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), skull CT and electroencephalography (EEG) were performed in 96 children with cerebrovascular disease. Simultaneously, antibodies to CSFV were determined. In children with respiratory failure, refractory convulsion persistence and hydrocephalus, tracheal intubation, CPAP, Milrinone, clonazepam, diazepam and chloral hydrate, mannitol, furosemide, albumin, and dexamethasone. Results Of the 96 cases, 54 were cured (56 52%), 31 were improved (32 2 9%), 9 were discharged spontaneously (9 38%) and 2 were died (20 8%). Conclusion EEG changes of the brain are earlier than those of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain CT, and it has early diagnostic value. The high dose of luminal sodium is superior to the stable drugs in the treatment of refractory convulsion. This method must be implemented in the PICU , Requiring mechanical ventilation and respiratory support, circulation support and comprehensive monitoring of ECG monitors. Moderate and severe cerebral edema should be different doses of short intervals to mannitol, mannitol withdrawal should be reduced and then reduce the number of times, the total course should not be more than 1 week