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This paper investigates the vibration characteristics of diesel engine cylinder heads by means of the time series method.With the concept of "Assumed System", the vibration transfer function of real cylinder head structures is established using the autoregressive-moving average models (ARMA models) of cylinder head surface vibration signals.Then this transfer function is successfully used to reconstruct the gas pressure trace inside the cylinder from measured cylinder head vibration signals.This offers an effective means for diesel engine cylinder pressure detection and condition monitoring.