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1982年2—3月“南海暖流动力学实验”结果表明:南海东北部深水区域冬季流场以斜压性流为主要分量。据此,本文重新分析了1966—1968及1975年冬季在南海北部观测所得的温度断面资料以探索这支逆风海流的分布变化特征。分析表明,东北向逆风海流以汕头外海为最稳定和强大,海南岛东南方的也相当稳定。在这两断面上,东北向流的存在时间尺度可达4—6个月以上。冬季东-西向的空间尺度有时可达6个经度。但这些断面上的热结构与相应的海流结构在水平及垂直方向上都很复杂。除南海东北部外,逆风海流很不稳定。这支海流与副热带逆流颇为类似。
From February to March 1982, the “South China Sea thermal dynamics experiment” shows that the winter flow field in northeastern South China Sea is mainly composed of baroclinic flow. Accordingly, the paper reanalyses the temperature profile data obtained from the observations of the northern South China Sea from 1966 to 1968 and the winter of 1975 to explore the distribution and variation of this upwind ocean current. The analysis shows that the northeast upwind current is the most stable and strong offshore Shantou, and the southeastern Hainan Island is quite stable. On these two sections, the time scale of northeastward flow can reach 4-6 months or more. The winter east-west space scale can sometimes reach up to 6 longitudes. However, the thermal structures on these sections and the corresponding ocean currents are both horizontal and vertical. In addition to the northeastern South China Sea, the anti-wind current is very unstable. This current is quite similar to the subtropical countercurrent.