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本文简单介绍了各种先天性色觉异常的特性及常用的色觉检查方法。不同类型的先天性色觉异常在颜色匹配、光谱感受性、色差辨别等方面均表现出不同的特点，色觉检查方法就是在这些特点的基础上，根据异常者的某一色觉缺陷设计的。常用的检查方法有假同色图测验，色相排列测验和色盲镜等。一般来说，不同的检查方法各有所长，并应用于临床的不同阶段
This article briefly describes the characteristics of various congenital abnormalities of color vision and commonly used methods of color vision inspection. Different types of congenital anomalies of color vision show different characteristics in terms of color matching, spectral sensitivity, color difference discrimination, etc. The color vision inspection method is based on these characteristics and is designed according to a certain color vision defect of an abnormal person. Common methods of inspection are fake the same color chart test, hue arrangement test and color blind mirror. In general, different methods of examination have their own strengths, and applied to different stages of clinical