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激光(Laser)是二十世纪六十年代出现的重大科学技术成果之一。自从著名科学家爱因斯坦一九一六年发表“关于幅射的量子理论”一文奠定了激光的理论基础以后,直至一九六○年,才由美国的Maiman制成了世界上第一台红宝石激光器,我国于一九六一年也制成红宝石激光器,并于一九六二年制成氦氖激光器。此后,激光技术迅速发展,成为极受珍视的新型科学之一。由于激光有许多其他光源无法比拟的特点,所以二十多年来,激光技术得以惊人的速度发展。其应用几乎进入所有的技术领域,国民经济的各部门——国防、军事、工农业生产、医学卫生和科学研究等都日益广泛地应用这门新技术。例如精密测量测距、自动控制、准直指向、精密加工、切割焊接、激光育种、激光武器、全息照相、信息的传递和处理、医疗等。激光技术被列为“六五”计划中作为重点抓的科学技术攻关项目,可以预料,激光技术将以更快的速度向前发展。其应用范围会越来越广泛。
Laser was one of the major scientific and technological achievements that emerged in the 1960s. Since the famous scientist Einstein published The Theory of Quantum Theory on Radiation in 1916, which lays the theoretical foundation of laser, it was not until 1960 that the world’s first ruby was made by Maiman in the United States Laser, our country in 1961 also made ruby laser, and in 1962 made of HeNe laser. Since then, the rapid development of laser technology has become one of the most precious new sciences. Laser technology has grown at an astonishing rate for more than two decades due to the unmatched nature of lasers in many other light sources. Its applications are entering almost all areas of technology. The national economy’s various ministries - defense, military, industrial and agricultural production, medical and health research, and scientific research are increasingly applying this new technology. Such as precision measurement and distance measurement, automatic control, alignment, precision machining, cutting and welding, laser breeding, laser weapons, holography, information transmission and processing, medical treatment and so on. Laser technology has been listed as a key scientific and technological project in the “6th Five-Year Plan”. It can be expected that laser technology will move forward at an accelerated pace. Its application will be more extensive.