【摘 要】
：
底内动物不仅具有较强的适应沉积环境的生理耐受能力,还具有适应沉积环境的行为策略,而且其行为策略与周围微环境关系密切,研究两者的关系可以从行为学角度阐释生物扰动的生态学意义.本研究利用底内动物行为学观察装置研究温度(15℃、20℃和25℃)对不同规格[大规格(2.2±0.2)g、中规格(1.5±0.2)g、小规格(0.7±0.2)g]双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube)行为特征的影响,探究了不同行为过程对洞穴水交换、营养盐和溶解氧变化规律的影响.结果 表明,双齿围沙蚕的径
【机 构】
：
中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266071;上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306;中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究
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底内动物不仅具有较强的适应沉积环境的生理耐受能力,还具有适应沉积环境的行为策略,而且其行为策略与周围微环境关系密切,研究两者的关系可以从行为学角度阐释生物扰动的生态学意义.本研究利用底内动物行为学观察装置研究温度(15℃、20℃和25℃)对不同规格[大规格(2.2±0.2)g、中规格(1.5±0.2)g、小规格(0.7±0.2)g]双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis Grube)行为特征的影响,探究了不同行为过程对洞穴水交换、营养盐和溶解氧变化规律的影响.结果 表明,双齿围沙蚕的径向起伏频率随温度的升高而升高(P＜0.05).不同规格双齿围沙蚕的轴向爬行速度差异显著(P＜0.05),大规格沙蚕的轴向爬行速度随着温度的升高而减慢,而中规格和小规格沙蚕的轴向爬行速度随着温度的升高而加快.温度和规格对双齿围沙蚕的径向起伏和轴向爬行时间影响不显著(P＞0.05).规格对双齿围沙蚕的泵水量、泵水速率、轴向爬行速度及营养盐溶出效率影响显著(P＜0.05).泵水量和营养盐溶出效率均随着规格的增加而增大,大规格沙蚕的泵水量最高可达10.01 L/d;径向起伏是双齿围沙蚕在洞穴中的主要运动方式和泵水方式,其洞穴中磷酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氨氮和硫化物的溶出效率分别可达109.80 μg/(cm2·d)、6.02 μg/(cm2·d)、60.56 μg/(cm2·d)和15.40 μg/(cm2·d).双齿围沙蚕泵水溶解氧阈值随着温度的升高和规格的增大呈上升趋势.结果 表明,小规格双齿围沙蚕对高温和低氧环境的适应能力强于大规格沙蚕;双齿围沙蚕的泵水运动(生物灌溉)随温度的升高和规格的增大而增强,其主要驱动因子是洞穴微环境的溶解氧含量;双齿围沙蚕的泵水溶解氧阈值可使其消耗最少的能量获得最高的溶氧收益,符合“最佳性理论”,可称之为“最佳溶氧收益策略”.通过生物灌溉作用加速沉积物营养盐释放的现象是双齿围沙蚕为获得充足溶氧而产生的连带效应.
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