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为了解海南西部地区的野生辣椒资源种类以及它们的分布状况,本文在海南西部7县市44个自然村落展开了调查。结果显示:按照果实的长宽、果形及果实青、老熟期前后的颜色变化将所调查到的野生辣椒定为小米椒Capsicum frutescens和朝天椒Capsicum annuum var.conoides的三个变种,分别定名为朝天椒1、朝天椒2、朝天椒3。朝天椒1的分布最广,数量最多,其次是小米椒,朝天椒2和朝天椒3的分布较少。从各县市所拥有野生辣椒资源来看,无论从数量上还是从种类上,白沙县的野生辣椒资源最为丰富。但仅从数量来看,北部县市的野生辣椒数量比南部县市的多。采用方差均值比的t检验法和Morisita指数的f检验法对野生辣椒的空间分布格局进行分析,结果表明海南西部七县市农村地区的野生辣椒空间分布格局为集群分布。用丛生指数、平均拥挤度和聚块性指数对其集群分布的聚集强度进行测定,表明其聚块为集中分布。但剔除人为因素后的野生辣椒的聚集强度有所下降,说明人为因素有增大野生辣椒集群分布强度的作用。对野生辣椒的分布生境及其与伴生物种的关系的分析表明,野生辣椒的分布既不依赖于特定的物种而存在也不受特定物种的限制。对生境有一定的要求,多分布在具有一定遮阴度的生境下。朝天椒1和小米椒可以作为以后辣椒育种的重要材料。橡胶园、槟榔园等园地是规模化栽培野生辣椒的理想生境。
In order to understand the species of wild pepper in western Hainan and their distribution, this paper investigated 44 natural villages in 7 counties of western Hainan. The results showed that according to the fruit length and width, the fruit shape and fruit color, the color change before and after the ripening stage, the investigated wild pepper was identified as three varieties of Capsicum frutescens and Capsicum annuum var.conoides, respectively To Chao Tianjiao 1, Topeter 2, Topeter 3. Chaotianjiao 1 the most widely distributed, the largest number, followed by millet pepper, Chaotiaojiao 2 and Chaotianjiao 3 less distributed. From all cities and counties have wild pepper resources, both in terms of number or from the species, Baisha County, the most abundant wild pepper resources. But only in terms of quantity, there are more wild peppers in the northern counties than in the southern counties and cities. Spatial distribution pattern of wild pepper was analyzed by t-test with variance means ratio and f-test by Morisita index. The results showed that the distribution patterns of wild pepper in rural areas of seven counties in western Hainan were cluster distribution. The clustering intensity of its cluster distribution was determined by cluster index, average crowding degree and polychrome index, indicating that its cluster was concentrated distribution. However, the aggregation intensity of wild pepper after the removal of human factors decreased, indicating that human factors have the effect of increasing the distribution intensity of the wild pepper cluster. The analysis of the distribution habitats of wild chilli and their relationships with their associated species shows that the distribution of wild chilli does not depend on the particular species and is not limited by specific species. Habitat has certain requirements, and more distributed in a certain shade degree of habitat. Aspen pepper 1 and millet pepper can be used as an important material for pepper breeding. Rubber garden, areca and other garden is the ideal cultivation of wild pepper habitat.