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选用春小麦品种宁春50号为试验材料,通过3个节水处理研究灌水次数对春小麦耗水特性及产量的影响。结果表明:灌1水的W1处理可显著增加0~120cm同层土壤贮水的利用,尤其增加60~100cm深层同层土壤贮水的利用;而随着灌水的增加,春小麦深层同层土壤贮水及0~120cm同层土壤贮水的利用率随之降低。随着灌水次数的增加,总的耗水量增加,春小麦拔节至开花期的耗水量降低,但春小麦开花至成熟期的耗水量增加。春小麦灌水次数过少的W1处理抽穗期叶面积系数、旗叶叶绿素含量、旗叶叶面积明显高于其他处理,但春小麦开花以后的叶面积系数、旗叶叶绿素含量、旗叶叶面积随灌水次数增加明显增加;生育后期灌水有利于提高抽穗后的干物质积累量,灌水次数过少的W1处理不利于春小麦开花后的干物质积累。增加灌水次数,可提高灌溉水的利用比例,降低土壤贮水的利用比例,增加春小麦籽粒产量和收获指数,但春小麦灌水利用效率明显降低;灌水次数较多的处理春小麦水分利用效率明显降低,生育后期物质向籽粒转移量增加,灌水次数过少的W1处理春小麦穗数、穗粒数明显降低。综合考虑春小麦籽粒产量、水分利用效率、灌水利用效率、物质生产等因子,确定灌二棱水+拔节水2水的处理是春小麦获得高产和高水分利用效率的最佳灌水模式。
The spring wheat variety Ningchun 50 was chosen as the experimental material, and the effects of irrigation times on water consumption characteristics and yield of spring wheat were studied by three water-saving treatments. The results showed that the treatment of W1 with 1 irrigation water significantly increased the utilization of soil water storage in the same layer of 0 ~ 120 cm, especially the utilization of soil water storage in the same layer of depth 60 ~ 100 cm. With the increase of irrigation, Water and 0 ~ 120cm with the same layer of soil water use efficiency decreases. With the increase of irrigation times, the total water consumption increased, and the water consumption of spring wheat decreased from jointing to flowering, but the spring wheat increased from flowering to maturity. The leaf area index at heading stage was lower in spring wheat treatments with W1 than in other treatments, but the leaf area index, flag leaf chlorophyll content and flag leaf area increased with irrigation times And increased obviously. The irrigation at late growth stage was conducive to increasing dry matter accumulation after heading. The W1 treatment with too few irrigation times was not conducive to the accumulation of dry matter after flowering of spring wheat. Increasing the irrigation frequency could increase the proportion of irrigation water, reduce the utilization ratio of soil water storage and increase the grain yield and harvest index of spring wheat, but the irrigation and utilization efficiency of spring wheat decreased obviously; the water use efficiency of spring wheat with more irrigation times was significantly lower, The amount of spikelets and grain number per spike of W1 treated by W1 increased with the increase of the amount of material transferred to the grain, and the number of spikelets decreased with the number of irrigation less. Considering the spring wheat grain yield, water use efficiency, irrigation efficiency, material production and other factors, it is the best irrigation mode for spring wheat to achieve high yield and high water use efficiency.