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本文系统梳理和考察了美国医疗保险与枪械管控的历史与现状,管窥了美国联邦政府的社会政策立法,并从政治结构与政治过程的角度,探讨了美国社会政策遭遇立法困局的成因。在此基础上,一方面分析了美国社会政治中意识形态与政治利益的交互影响及由此形成的“钟摆效应”;另一方面,也讨论了前者因素所形塑的“激进政治”在社会政策领域的影响日甚,政党与社会中的“极化效应”由此加剧,对社会共识与治理提出了挑战。
This paper systematically reviews and examines the history and current status of the US medical insurance and firearms management and administration, gives a glimpse of the social policy legislation of the United States federal government, and discusses the causes of the legislative difficulties encountered by American social policies from the perspective of political structure and political process. On this basis, on the one hand, it analyzes the interaction between ideology and political interests in American social politics and the “pendulum effect” formed thereby; on the other hand, it discusses the “radical politics” In the field of social policy, the “polarization effect” in political parties and society is exacerbated by this, posing a challenge to social consensus and governance.