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从事实到新闻,这一步很简单,又很复杂。因为事实的局部是一元一次的,整体是多元多次的;有时只出现一个变量,更多的时候呈现多个变量。我们可以把新闻与事实的关系简化为一个公式“新闻≠事实”、西方大众传播学对此的表述则带有原理意味:媒介内容必然与现实有所差异。 英国传播学家丹尼斯·麦奎尔对这一现象十分关注,他在《大众传播学导论》中列举的几种产生“差异”的情况颇具代表性,有助于我们理解这一不等式:
In fact, this step is very simple and complex. Because of the fact that the local part is a one-time, the whole is multiple and multiple; sometimes only one variable appears, more often presents multiple variables. We can simplify the relationship between news and facts into one formula, “news ≠ fact”, and the Western mass media has the same principle to mean the same: the content of media necessarily differs from the reality. The British media researcher Denis McGuire is very much concerned about this phenomenon. The several cases of “differences” listed in his “Introduction to Mass Communication Studies” are quite representative and help us to understand this inequality: