本文主要讨论了20世纪语言本体论问题。19世纪的语言工具论在20世纪衰微了,占据20世纪语言学主流的是语言本体论。俄国形式主义和英美新批评有效地抵制了语言有用性,为语言本体论开辟了道路。维特根斯坦和索绪尔创立了20世纪语言本体论。结构主义在索绪尔的结构语言学基础上得以形成。 This article mainly discusses the 20th century language ontology. The nineteenth-century theory of language tools declined in the twentieth century, and the mainstream of linguistics in the twentieth century was linguistic ontology. Russian formalism and new Anglo-American criticisms have effectively resisted language usability and opened the way for language ontology. Wittgenstein and Saussure founded the 20th century linguistic ontology. Structuralism is based on Saussure’s structural linguistics.