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目的了解重庆某城乡统筹区县中小学生抑郁状况及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法抽取重庆某城乡统筹区县3 013名中小学生进行调查。调查内容包括一般情况、体育运动以及体格检查情况;同时采用儿童抑郁量表(CDI)评定中小学生抑郁症状,采用青春发动自评问卷(PDS)评价其青春发动相关事件出现情况。运用χ2检验分析不同群体的抑郁症状检出率,采用logistic回归分析中小学生抑郁症状的影响因素。结果中小学生总的抑郁症状检出率为20.1%(607/3013)。家庭经济状况较差者抑郁症状检出率较高,经济状况较好者次之,经济状况中等者最低(28.3%/18.4%/18.3%,χ2=28.415,P<0.05)。自我体像评价其自身发育水平比同伴很早、稍早、较晚和一样的抑郁症状检出率依次为:43.1%、26.5%、22.0%和15.8%(χ2=79.621,P<0.01)。高中阶段,家庭经济状况较差者,自评发育水平比同伴早很多者以及近一个月内未参加体育运动(包括专门的体育锻炼、有氧运动)是出现抑郁症状的危险因素。结论关注生长发育期的中小学生的身心健康,建立良好的学校环境和家庭环境,加强体育锻炼,有利于降低抑郁症状的发生。
Objective To understand the prevalence of depression and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in a unified district in Chongqing. Methods A total of 3 013 primary and secondary school students from a single district in urban and rural areas of Chongqing were investigated by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The survey included the general situation, physical exercise and physical examination. At the same time, the Depression Scale of Children (CDI) was used to assess the depressive symptoms of primary and secondary school students. The PDS was used to evaluate the occurrence of youth-related events. The χ2 test was used to analyze the prevalence of depressive symptoms among different groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of depression among primary and secondary school students. Results The overall prevalence of depression among primary and secondary school students was 20.1% (607/3013). The worse the family economic status, the higher the detection rate of depressive symptoms, followed by the better economic status, and the lowest economic status (28.3% / 18.4% / 18.3%, χ2 = 28.415, P <0.05). Self-portrait evaluation of their own development level earlier than their companions, earlier, later and the same depression symptoms were detected in 43.1%, 26.5%, 22.0% and 15.8% (χ2 = 79.621, P <0.01). In high school, those with poor family financial status, those who developed significantly earlier than their companions, and those who did not participate in sports (including specialized physical exercise and aerobic exercise) in the recent month were the risk factors of depressive symptoms. Conclusions Concerned about the physical and mental health of primary and middle school students in the period of growth and development, establishing a good school environment and family environment, and strengthening physical exercise are beneficial to reduce the occurrence of depressive symptoms.