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本文根据教授2005年3月在中德法学研究所所作的学术报告整理而成。报告以著名的鱼厂女工案为背景,从此案中发展出基本权利在私法中发挥间接作用的理论。作者详细介绍了德国普通法院和德国联邦宪法法院的裁判过程和判决理由,在此基础上区分了民法和宪法对公民权利保护的不同方式,揭示了公民基本权利保护在法律体系中的重要地位,并着重分析了德国基本法中的基本权利规定在私法中的间接作用,即法官对基本权利的解释和适用要体现基本法的价值,受到基本法的约束。最后,作者从多角度对经典判例进行分析,得出了具有一般意义的结论。
This article is based on the professor’s March 2005 academic report made by the Sino-German Institute of Law. The report, based on the famous case of a fish factory female worker, developed the theory that the basic rights play an indirect role in private law. The author introduces in detail the referee process and the reasons of the judgment of the German Common Court and the German Federal Constitutional Court, on the basis of which it differentiates the civil law and the constitutional protection of civil rights in different ways, reveals the important status of civil rights protection in the legal system, And analyzes the indirect role of the basic rights provisions in the German Basic Law in private law. That is to say, judges’ interpretation and application of basic rights should embody the value of the Basic Law and be bound by the Basic Law. Finally, the author analyzes the classic jurisprudence from multiple perspectives and draws conclusions of general significance.