目的了解云南省疟疾病例的地理分布特征,为疟疾消除工作提供借鉴。方法收集2012-2015年云南省疟疾病例资料,建立数据库并分析病例聚集情况。结果 2012-2015年云南省共计报告疟疾病例2 586例,其中本地感染274例,占10.60%,境外输入2 311例,占89.37%,外省输入1例,占0.03%;按照来源地与病例所在地分别统计境外输入病例数与本地病例数,算术均数分别为96.29和10.96,标准差分别为421.18和19.12,均数差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.326,P>0.10)。境外输入区域与本地感染区域的聚集性均可以群集数5来初分,均具备地理聚集的特点。境外输入病例与本地病例的赫尔芬达尔-赫希曼指数分别为8 121和1 598。结论云南省境外感染病例与本地感染病例分布差异不显著,防治工作需要并重进行;境外输入病例的不均匀度比本地感染病例高,但在防治上均可以划分为5个重点集群。 Objective To understand the geographical distribution of malaria cases in Yunnan Province and provide references for malaria elimination. Methods The data of malaria cases in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2015 were collected, the database was established and the case aggregation was analyzed. Results A total of 2 586 cases of malaria were reported from 2012 to 2015 in Yunnan Province, including 274 cases of local infection (10.60%), 2 311 cases (89.37%) and 1 case (0.03%) from other provinces. According to the source and the case location The numbers of imported cases and local cases were counted separately. The arithmetic mean was 96.29 and 10.96, respectively. The standard deviations were 421.18 and 19.12, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (Z = -0.326, P> 0.10). Both the overseas input area and the local infected area can be clustered for a few times with a cluster number of 5, all of which have the characteristics of geographical aggregation. The Herfindahl-Hirschman indices of imported cases and local cases were 8 121 and 1 598, respectively. Conclusion There is no significant difference in the distribution of outbreak cases and local cases among the cases in Yunnan Province. Prevention and treatment work needs to be carried out in parallel. Outbreaks of imported cases in China are higher than those of local cases, but they can be divided into five major clusters in prevention and control.